{"id":8,"date":"2026-04-16T08:06:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T08:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/?p=8"},"modified":"2026-04-16T08:06:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T08:06:27","slug":"analysis-of-pf6%e2%88%92-anion-intercalation-de%e2%80%90intercalation-mechanisms-in-graphite-cathodes-of-sodium-dual%e2%80%90ion-batteries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/?p=8","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of PF<sub>6<\/sub><sup>\u2212<\/sup> Anion Intercalation\/De\u2010Intercalation Mechanisms in Graphite Cathodes of Sodium Dual\u2010Ion Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>DOI:<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/batt.202300508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1002\/batt.202300508<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Authors:<\/h4>\n<p>Ignacio Came\u00e1n, Bel\u00e9n Lobato, Nuria Cuesta, Ana B. Garc\u0131\u0301a<\/p>\n<h4>Abstract:<\/h4>\n<p>Abstract A detailed study of the intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation mechanisms of PF 6 \u2212 anions in a graphite cathode of sodium dual\u2010ion batteries is carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the continuous anion intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation on the graphite structure is investigated by ex\u2010situ XRD after cycling. It was concluded that the intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation occurs through a combination of diffusion\u2010controlled and pseudocapacitive mechanisms. Initially, the contribution of the diffusion\u2010controlled is significant, specifically at the highest voltage and at the lowest scan rates which agrees with the slow kinetic of this mechanism and its usual prevalence in carbon materials with a graphitic structure. However, the continuous anion intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation causes some deterioration of the graphite structural order, even from the initial cycles, as it was demonstrated by the evolution of the crystalline parameters, interlayer spacing, d 002 , and crystallite size, L c . This deterioration hinders the diffusion\u2010controlled anion intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation and, as a consequence, the pseudocapacitive becomes the main mechanism along cycling. Therefore, since graphite is capable of intercalating PF 6 \u2212 anions at high voltages through a capacitive mechanism, with its consequent rapid kinetics, this carbon material is an excellent candidate for using as cathode in high power sodium dual\u2010ion batteries, in which, kinetically fast mechanisms are required.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DOI: 10.1002\/batt.202300508 Authors: Ignacio Came\u00e1n, Bel\u00e9n Lobato, Nuria Cuesta, Ana B. Garc\u0131\u0301a Abstract: Abstract A detailed study of the intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation mechanisms of PF 6 \u2212 anions in a graphite cathode of sodium dual\u2010ion batteries is carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the continuous anion intercalation\/de\u2010intercalation on the graphite structure is investigated by ex\u2010situ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bcs-800-battery-cycler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/citations.tools.bio-logic.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}